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lthier than most； and it was ruled by a grandmother of the folk； stern and wise in old lore； such as they had。 The most inquisitive and curious minded of that family was called Sméagol。 He was interested in roots and beginnings； he dived into deep pools； he burrowed under trees and growing plants； he tunnelled into green mounds； and he ceased to look up at the hill tops； or the leaves on trees； or the flowers opening in the air： his head and his eyes were downward。
'He had a friend called Déagol； of similar sort； sharpereyed but not so quick and strong。 On a time they took a boat and went down to the Gladden Fields； where there were great beds of iris and flowering reeds。 There Sméagol got out and went nosing about the banks but Deal sat in the boat and fished。 Suddenly a great fish took his hook； and before he knew where he was； he was dragged out and down into the water； to the bottom。 Then he let go of his line； for he thought he saw something shining in the riverbed； and holding his breath he grabbed at it。
'Then up he came spluttering； with weeds in his hair and a handful of mud； and he swam to the bank。 And behold！ when he washed the mud away； there in his hand lay a beautiful golden ring； and it shone and glittered in the sun； so that his heart was glad。 But Sméagol had been watching him from behind a tree； and as Deal gloated over the ring； Sméagol came softly up behind。
'〃Give us that； Deal； my love；〃 said Sméagol； over his friend's shoulder。
'〃Why？〃 said Deal。
' 〃Because it's my birthday； my love； and I wants it；〃 said Sméagol。
'〃I don't care；〃 said Deal。 〃I have given you a present already； more than I could afford。 I found this； and I'm going to keep it。〃
' 〃Oh； are you indeed； my love；〃 said Sméagol； and he caught Deal by the throat and strangled him； because the gold looked so bright and beautiful。 Then he put the ring on his finger。
'No one ever found out what had bee of Deal； he was murdered far from home； and his body was cunningly hidden。 But Sméagol returned alone； and he found that none of his family could see him； when he was wearing the ring。 He was very pleased with his discovery and he concealed it； and he used it to find out secrets； and he put his knowledge to crooked and malicious uses。 He became sharpeyed and keeneared for all that was hurtful。 The ring had given him power according to his stature。 It is not to be wondered at that he became very unpopular and was shunned （when visible） by all his relations。 They kicked him； and he bit their feet。 He took to thieving； and going about muttering to himself； and gurgling in his throat。 So they called him Gollum； and cursed him； and told him to go far away； and his grandmother； desiring peace； expelled him from the family and turned him out of her hole。
'He wandered in loneliness； weeping a little for the hardness of the world； and he journeyed up the River； till he came to a stream that flowed down from the mountains； and he went that way。 He caught fish in deep pools with invisible fingers and ate them raw。 One day it was very hot； and as he was bending over a pool； he felt a burning on the back of his head） and a dazzling light from the water pained his wet eyes。 He wondered at it； for he had almost fotten about the Sun。 Then for the last time he looked up and shook his fist at her。
'But as he lowered his eyes； he saw far above the tops of the Misty Mountains； out of which the stream came。 And he thought suddenly： 〃It would be cool and shady under those mountains。 The Sun could not watch me there。 The roots of those mountains must be roots indeed； there must be great secrets buried there which have not been discovered since the beginning。〃
'So he journeyed by night up into the highlands； and he found a little cave out of which the dark stream ran； and he wormed his way like a maggot into the heart of the hills； and vanished out of all knowledge。 The Ring went into the shadows with him； and even the maker； when his power had begun to grow again； could learn nothing of it。'
'Gollum！' cried Frodo。 'Gollum？ Do you mean that this is the very Gollum creature that Bilbo met？ How loathsome！'
'I think it is a sad story；' said the wizard； 'and it might have happened to others； even to some hobbits that I have known。'
'I can't believe that Gollum was connected with hobbits； however distantly；' said Frodo with some heat。 'What an abominable notion！'
'It is true all the same；' replied Gandalf。 'About their origins； at any rate； I know more than hobbits do themselves。 And even Bilbo's story suggests the kinship。 There was a great deal in the background of their minds and memories that was very similar。 They understood one another remarkably well； very much better than a hobbit would understand； say； a Dwarf； or an Orc； or even an Elf。 Think of the riddles they both knew； for one thing。'
'Yes；' said Frodo。 'Though other folks besides hobbits ask riddles； and of much the same sort。 And hobbits don't cheat。 Gollum meant to cheat all the time。 He was just trying to put poor Bilbo off his guard。 And I daresay it amused his wickedness to start a game which might end in providing him with an easy victim； but if he lost would not hurt him。'
'Only too true； I fear；' said Gandalf。 'But there was something else in it； I think； which you don't see yet。 Even Gollum was not wholly ruined。 He had proved tougher than even one of the Wise would have guessed as a hobbit might。 There was a little corner of his mind that was still his own； and light came through it； as through a chink in the dark： light out of the past。 It was actually pleasant； I think； to hear a kindly voice again； bringing up memories of wind； and trees； and sun on the grass； and such fotten things。
'But that； of course； would only make the evil part of him angrier in the end 。 unless it could be conquered。 Unless it could be cured。' Gandalf sighed。 'Alas！ there is little hope of that for him。 Yet not no hope。 No； not though he possessed the Ring so long； almost as far back as he can remember。 For it was long since he had worn it much： in the black darkness it was seldom needed。 Certainly he had never 〃faded〃。 He is thin and tough still。 But the thing was eating up his mind； of course； and the torment had bee almost unbearable。
'All the 〃great secrets〃 under the mountains had turned out to be just empty night： there was nothing more to find out； nothing worth doing； only nasty furtive eating and resentful remembering。 He was altogether wretched。 He hated the dark； and he hated light more： he hated everything； and the Ring most of all。'
'What do you mean？' said Frodo。 'Surely the Ring was his precious and the only thing he cared for？ But if he hated it； why didn't he get rid of it； or go away and leave it？'
'You ought to begin to understand； Frodo； after all you have heard；' said Gandalf。 'He hated it and loved it； as he hated and loved himself。 He could not get rid of it。 He had no will left in the matter。
'A Ring of Power looks after itself； Frodo。 It may slip off treacherously； but its keeper never abandons it。 At most he plays with the idea of handing it on to someone else's care 。 and that only at an early stage； when it first begins to grip。 But as far as I know Bilbo alone in history has ever gone beyond playing； and really done it。 He needed all my help； too。 And even so he would never have just forsaken it； or cast it aside。 It was not Gollum； Frodo； but the Ring itself that decided things。 The Ring left him。'
'What； just in time to meet Bilbo？' said Frodo。 'Wouldn't an Orc have suited it better？'
'It is no laughing matter；' said Gandalf。 'Not for you。 It was the strangest event in the whole history of the Ring so far： Bilbo's arrival just at that time； and putting his hand on it； blindly； in the dark。
'There was more than one power at work； Frodo。 The Ring was trying to get back to its master。 It had slipped from Isildur's hand and betrayed him； then when a chance came it caught poor Deal； and he was murdered； and after that Gollum； and it had devoured him。 It could make no further use of him： he was too small and mean； and as long as it stayed with him he would never leave his deep pool again。 So now； when its master was awake onc