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2006年考研政治理论单元预测1-第5章

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能算是好司机,因为我经常因违规而被严厉斥责,并得接受与违规驾车极不相称的处罚。事实上,我对英国司机的害怕要甚于法国司机和意大利司机;因为,可以肯定的是后两者不愿去死。但是,英国司机可不这么想;他们为了证明自己的观点,甚至不惜与你共赴黄泉。    
    五    
    Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists are using a new technique to see fingerprints on surfaces that typically make them invisible。     
    1                    ; said Christopher Worley; a scientist on the project。     
    “The conventional methods are meant to bring out fingerprint patterns with regular light and they have to treat those with powder; which alters them;” Worley said。 “With this you don’t have to alter it or treat it at all。 We can determine the elements in a fingerprint and get a pattern at the same time。”     
    2。                         
    The equipment costs about 175;000。     
    For big labs; the method could be a great way to bring out prints that can’t be seen any other way; said Vahid Majidi; another lab scientist。     
    “The technique fills a unique niche;” Majidi said。 “These are prints that would otherwise be useless。 3。                    If you have prints from an adolescent or child; the chemicals in the fingertips are different and don’t stick around long enough for traditional methods。”     
    The new method might also be able to tell if the person that left them handled certain types of bomb…making materials; said George Havrilla; another lab scientist。     
    “This is a new approach to fingerprint visualization;” Havrilla said。 “4。                    ”     
    The technology for scanning the prints is widely available。 What's new is the method the lab has created to see them which includes puter software and ways of manipulating the machinery; Worley said。     
    5。                     “We’ve already had some negative ments on it;” Havrilla said with a laugh。 “One reviewer told us it’s just not practical。 But the goal of our work was to demonstrate that it was feasible to see these things。”     
    [A]We’re lifting prints; but instead of looking at the finger’s natural oils and organic residues we’re looking at elemental features left behind。    
    [B]The method uses a technology called mini…X…ray fluorescence to detect chemical elements in fingerprints without altering them。    
    [C]Range of biometric fingerprint scanners from several panies were tested against these gelatin fingers; all consistently failed to reject the imposter finger。    
    [D]If you have prints on a dark surface; for example; they really don't develop well using normal techniques。    
    [E]But the technique isn’t for everyone。    
    [F]The technology focuses a tight beam of X…rays on surfaces with fingerprints and creates a puter picture out of those scans。    
    [G]Thus; the gelatin fingers even defeated devices that tested for human…normal capacitance; heat and pulse。    
    答案及解析    
    1。 B。本题是在段落的开头,由此可以在前后所给的句子中找出线索,推出文章在此段所应表达的思想。原文第一段告诉我们科学家采用了一种新技术 a new technology, 而此段后半部分引用一位科学家的话对此种新技术进行解释,因而B中的a technology called 正好与前面呼应。    
    2。 F。 本段是独立的一段,可能是总结前文,也可能是引起下文,或是二者兼而有之。上文中多次提到fingerprints; 并且下文开头的The equipment 正是指F中所提到的a puter; 由此判断F项是正确的。    
    3。 D。 本题位于段中,要注意与上下文的衔接,因而需根据上下文才能进行判断,根据下文the fingertips are different 可知此空也在说指纹,并且D项的句型和空格后的句型一致,由此可知D项正确。    
    4。 E。本题是在段落的尾部,并且由上文可知,此题是Havrilla 说的一句话,因此应从他说话的角度选择一句话。而选项中也只有E才是符合逻辑的,因此E项符合要求。    
    5。 A。 本题是原文的倒数第二段,读懂上下文非常重要,因为本段可能是对上文的总结,也可能是承上启下。根据文章我们可知,上文在讲新技术的广泛应用,而最后一段则在讲它的负面评论,因此可知答案应是承上启下的,所以选A。    
    中心思想    
    本文论述了科学家们观察到探测指纹的新方法;采取此新方法的重要意义,以及新技术广泛采用带来的正面及负面影响。    
    译文    
    美国洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室的科学家们采用了一种新技术,可以观察到原本很难在物体表面上看见的指纹。     
    参与该科研项目的科学家克里斯托弗?沃尔利说,该方法使用了一种“微X射线束荧光技术”,可以探测到指纹携带的化学成分,却不会改变指纹的保存状态。     
    沃尔利说:“传统的方法是通过常规光线使指纹显示出来,而且要借助粉末等物质,这会改变指纹保存状况。有了这种新方法,你根本用不着改变或处理指纹,我们可以测定指纹所含的化学成分,同时获取指纹图案。”     
    这项技术将一束密集的X光对准留有指纹的物体表面,并根据扫描结果创建出计算机图像。     
    这套设备造价17。5万美元。     
    该实验室的另一位科学家瓦希德?马吉德表示,对那些大实验室来说,这是获取用其他方法看不到的印迹的最好方法。     
    马吉德说:“这项技术填补了一项空白。如果没有这项技术,某些印迹就会变得毫无意义。比如说,如果是深色表面上的指纹,普通技术确实无法精确地探测到它们;如果是青少年或小孩的指纹,他们的指尖留下的化学成分(和成人)是不同的,而且这些指纹附着在物体表面的时间并不久,因此不适宜使用传统的分析方法。”     
    该实验室的另一位科学家乔治?豪夫里洛表示,这种新技术也许还能检测出指纹所有者是否触摸过某些类型的炸弹制造材料。     
    豪夫里洛说:“这是清晰显示指纹的一种新途径。我们查找印迹时不再只观察手指分泌的油脂和残留有机物,而是专注于其背后隐藏的特殊化学成分。”    
     沃尔利指出,扫描印迹的技术目前已被广泛采用。该实验室发明的这种新型指纹探测法的创新之处在于它包含了计算机软件技术和机器操作方法。     
    但是这一技术也并非众人皆宜。     
    豪夫里洛笑着说:“我们已经收到了一些负面评论。一位批评者对我们说它压根不实用。但我们工作的目标是证明这种技术是切实可行的。”    
    


第二部分阅读理解B型题第二节选考题型之二排序题

     此题型要求考生将一组段落排序,使其意思通顺。因此考生在阅读各个段落时要注意把握它们的中心大意,并且将各段的段落大意整合,理清它们之间的逻辑顺序。    
    一、解题技巧    
     ①考生应仔细阅读已经给出的答案,寻找其中的逻辑关系。    
     ②然后阅读选项和原文,确定预选答案的位置    
     ③最后通读全文,确定语篇模式,检查答案是否合理。    
    二、解题方法    
     ①按照大纲样题所给的情况,这种题目往往只要做对四个,那么最后一个答案自然就出来了。    
     ②如果最后剩余两个答案没有做出,而自己又没有太大把握,可以在两个位置均选出其中一个答案,这样至少可以选对一道题。    
     ③在做题时,考生应尽量先确定答案线索比较明确的题目的答案。不用按照题目的顺序答题。    
    Sample Two    
    Directions:    
    The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order。 For Questions 1—5; you are required to recognize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A…G to fill in each numbered box。 The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes。 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。 (10 points)    
    一    
    [A] In studies of interpersonal argument; for example; when subjects were asked to deal with contradictory information stemming from conflict between a mother and a daughter or a student and a school; Peng found that Americans were “nonpromising; blaming one side—usually the mother—for the causes of the problems; demanding changes from one side to attain a solution and offering no promise” in dealing with the conflict。    
    [B]Americans wear black for mourning。 Chinese wear white。 Westerners think of dragons as monsters。 Chinese honor them as symbols of God。 Chinese civilization has often shown such polarities with the West; as though each stands at extreme ends of a global string。  Now a University of California; Berkeley; Psychologist has discovered deeper polarities between Chinese and American cultures—polarities that go to the heart of how we reason and discover truth。    
    [C]Dialectical thinking also has a Western version; which Americans often consider the highest; most sophisticated form of reasoning; said Peng。 This type of reasoning allows people to proceed from thesis to antithesis; to synthesis。 In Chinese folk wisdom; by parison; people do not attempt to work through the contradictions; following a cultural tradition which holds that reality is “multilayered; unpredictable and contradictory;” and is in a constant state of change; Peng said。    
    [
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