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selves； as a gleam of light and hope shed upon the monotonous squalor of their existence； but also by the Aristocracy at large； for all the higher classes are well aware that these rare phenomena； while they do little or nothing to vulgarize their own privileges； serve as a most useful barrier against revolution from below。
Had the acute…angled rabble been all； without exception； absolutely destitute of hope and of ambition； they might have found leaders in some of their many seditious outbreaks； so able as to render their superior numbers and strength too much even for the wisdom of the Circles。 But a wise ordinance of Nature has decreed that； in proportion as the working…classes increase in intelligence； knowledge； and all virtue； in that same proportion their acute angle （which makes them physically terrible） shall increase also and approximate to the comparatively harmless angle of the Equilateral Triangle。 Thus； in the most brutal and formidable of the soldier class creatures almost on a level with women in their lack of intelligence it is found that； as they wax in the mental ability necessary to employ their tremendous penetrating power to advantage； so do they wane in the power of penetration itself。
How admirable is this Law of Compensation！ And how perfect a proof of the natural fitness and； I may almost say； the divine origin of the aristocratic constitution of the States in Flatland！ By a judicious use of this Law of Nature； the Polygons and Circles are almost always able to stifle sedition in its very cradle； taking advantage of the irrepressible and boundless hopefulness of the human mind。 Art also comes to the aid of Law and Order。 It is generally found possible by a little artificial compression or expansion on the part of the State physicians to make some of the more intelligent leaders of a rebellion perfectly Regular； and to admit them at once into the privileged classes； a much larger number； who are still below the standard； allured by the prospect of being ultimately ennobled； are induced to enter the State Hospitals； where they are kept in honourable confinement for life； one or two alone of the more obstinate； foolish； and hopelessly irregular are led to execution。
Then the wretched rabble of the Isosceles； planless and leaderless； are either transfixed without resistance by the small body of their brethren whom the Chief Circle keeps in pay for emergencies of this kind； or else more often； by means of jealousies and suspicions skilfully fomented among them by the Circular party； they are stirred to mutual warfare； and perish by one another's angles。 No less than one hundred and twenty rebellions are recorded in our annals； besides minor outbreaks numbered at two hundred and thirty…five； and they have all ended thus。
Section 4。 Concerning the Women
If our highly pointed Triangles of the Soldier class are formidable； it may be readily inferred that far more formidable are our Women。 For if a Soldier is a wedge； a Woman is a needle； being； so to speak； ALL point； at least at the two extremities。 Add to this the power of making herself practically invisible at will； and you will perceive that a Female； in Flatland； is a creature by no means to be trifled with。
But here； perhaps； some of my younger Readers may ask HOW a woman in Flatland can make herself invisible。 This ought； I think； to be apparent without any explanation。 However； a few words will make it clear to the most unreflecting。
Place a needle on a table。 Then； with your eye on the level of the table； look at it side…ways； and you see the whole length of it； but look at it end…ways； and you see nothing but a point； it has become practically invisible。 Just so is it with one of our Women。 When her side is turned towards us； we see her as a straight line； when the end containing her eye or mouth for with us these two organs are identical is the part that meets our eye； then we see nothing but a highly lustrous point； but when the back is presented to our view； then being only sub…lustrous； and； indeed； almost as dim as an inanimate object her hinder extremity serves her as a kind of Invisible Cap。
The dangers to which we are exposed from our Women must now be manifest to the meanest capacity in Spaceland。 If even the angle of a respectable Triangle in the middle class is not without its dangers； if to run against a Working Man involves a gash； if collision with an officer of the military class necessitates a serious wound； if a mere touch from the vertex of a Private Soldier brings with it danger of death； what can it be to run against a Woman； except absolute and immediate destruction？ And when a Woman is invisible； or visible only as a dim sub…lustrous point； how difficult must it be； even for the most cautious； always to avoid collision！
Many are the enactments made at different times in the different States of Flatland； in order to minimize this peril； and in the Southern and less temperate climates where the force of gravitation is greater； and human beings more liable to casual and involuntary motions； the Laws concerning Women are naturally much more stringent。 But a general view of the Code may be obtained from the following summary：
1。 Every house shall have one entrance in the Eastern side； for the use of Females only； by which all females shall enter 〃in a becoming and respectful manner〃 and not by the Men's or Western door。 ＇Note： When I was in Spaceland I understood that some of your Priestly circles have in the same way a separate entrance for Villagers； Farmers and Teachers of Board Schools （‘Spectator'； Sept。 1884； p。 1255） that they may 〃approach in a becoming and respectful manner。〃＇
2。 No Female shall walk in any public place without continually keeping up her Peace…cry； under penalty of death。
3。 Any Female； duly certified to be suffering from St。 Vitus's Dance； fits； chronic cold accompanied by violent sneezing； or any disease necessitating involuntary motions； shall be instantly destroyed。
In some of the States there is an additional Law forbidding Females； under penalty of death； from walking or standing in any public place without moving their backs constantly from right to left so as to indicate their presence to those behind them； others oblige a Woman； when travelling； to be followed by one of her sons； or servants； or by her husband； others confine Women altogether to their houses except during the religious festivals。 But it has been found by the wisest of our Circles or Statesmen that the multiplication of restrictions on Females tends not only to the debilitation and diminution of the race； but also to the increase of domestic murders to such an extent that a State loses more than it gains by a too prohibitive Code。
For whenever the temper of the Women is thus exasperated by confinement at home or hampering regulations abroad； they are apt to vent their spleen upon their husbands and children； and in the less temperate climates the whole male population of a village has been sometimes destroyed in one or two hours of simultaneous female outbreak。 Hence the Three Laws； mentioned above； suffice for the better regulated States； and may be accepted as a rough exemplification of our Female Code。
After all； our principal safeguard is found； not in Legislature； but in the interests of the Women themselves。 For； although they can inflict instantaneous death by a retrograde movement； yet unless they can at once disengage their stinging extremity from the struggling body of their victim； their own frail bodies are liable to be shattered。
The power of Fashion is also on our side。 I pointed out that in some less civilized States no female is suffered to stand in any public place without swaying her back from right to left。 This practice has been universal among ladies of any pretensions to breeding in all well…governed States； as far back as the memory of Figures can reach。 It is considered a disgrace to any State that legislation should have to enforce what ought to be； and is in every respectable female； a natural instinct。 The rhythmical and； if I may so say； well…modulated undulation of the back in our ladies of Circular rank is envied and